1. Inqubo yokusebenza kokubhukha ibhizinisi le-LCL yesitsha
(1) Umthumeli uthumela inothi lokuthumela ngefeksi ku-NVOCC, futhi inothi lokuthumela kumele libonise: umthumeli, umthumeli, isaziso, indawo ethile lapho uya khona, inani lezingcezu, isisindo esiphelele, usayizi, imigomo yokuthutha (okukhokhelwa kusengaphambili, okukhokhelwe ekulethweni, inkokhelo yomuntu wesithathu), kanye negama lezimpahla, usuku lokuthumela nezinye izidingo.
(2) I-NVOCC yabela umkhumbi ngokwezidingo ezisebhilidini lomthwalo womthumeli, futhi ithumela isaziso sokwabiwa komkhumbi kumthumeli, okungukuthi, isaziso sokulethwa. Isaziso sokwabiwa komkhumbi sizobonisa igama lomkhumbi, inombolo yohambo, inombolo yebhili lomthwalo, ikheli lokulethwa, inombolo yokuxhumana, umuntu oxhumana naye, isikhathi sakamuva sokulethwa, kanye nesikhathi sokungena echwebeni, futhi idinga umthumeli ukuthi alethe izimpahla ngokolwazi olunikeziwe. Kufike ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokulethwa.
(3) Isimemezelo sentela.
(4) I-NVOCC ithumela isiqinisekiso sencwadi yokuthutha impahla ngefeksi kumthumeli, futhi umthumeli ucelwa ukuba aqinisekise ukubuyiselwa kwayo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, ngaphandle kwalokho kungathinta ukukhishwa okuvamile kwencwadi yokuthutha impahla. Ngemva kokuhamba ngomkhumbi, i-NVOCC izokhipha incwadi yokuthutha impahla zingakapheli usuku olulodwa lokusebenza ngemuva kokuthola isiqinisekiso sencwadi yokuthutha impahla yomthumeli, futhi ikhokhele izimali ezifanele.
(5) Ngemva kokuba izimpahla sezithunyelwe, i-NVOCC kufanele inikeze umthumeli ulwazi lwe-ejensi yechweba lokuya kulo kanye nolwazi lokwabiwa kwangaphambili kohambo lwesibili, futhi umthumeli angaxhumana nechweba lokuya kulo ukuze athole imvume yentela kanye nokulethwa kwezimpahla ngokusho kolwazi olufanele.
2. Izinkinga okumele ziqashelwe ku-LCL
1) Impahla ye-LCL ngokuvamile ayikwazi ukucacisa inkampani ethile yokuthumela
2) I-LCL bill of lading ngokuvamile iyi-bill of lading yokuthutha impahla (i-housc B/L)
3) Izinkinga zokukhokhiswa kwempahla ye-LCL
Ukukhokhiswa kwempahla ye-LCL kubalwa ngokuya ngesisindo nosayizi wezimpahla. Lapho izimpahla zilethwa endaweni yokugcina impahla eqokwe ngumthumeli ukuze zigcinwe, indawo yokugcina impahla ngokuvamile izokala kabusha, futhi usayizi nesisindo esilinganiswe kabusha kuzosetshenziswa njengendinganiso yokushaja.
3. Umehluko phakathi kwe-ocean bill of lading kanye ne-freight forwarding bill of lading
I-English of the ocean bill of lading iyi-master (noma i-ocean noma i-liner) bill of loading, ebizwa ngokuthi i-MB/L, ekhishwa yinkampani yokuthumela. I-English of the freight forwarding bill of lading iyi-house (noma i-NVOCC) bill of loading, ebizwa ngokuthi i-HB/L, ekhishwa yisithombe senkampani yokuthumela impahla.
4. Umehluko phakathi kwe-FCL bill of lading kanye ne-LCL bill of lading
Zombili i-FCL kanye ne-LCL zinezimfanelo eziyisisekelo ze-bill of lading, njengomsebenzi werisidi yempahla, ubufakazi benkontileka yokuthutha, kanye nesitifiketi setayitela. Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili ungokulandelayo.
1) Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezincwadi zokuthwala impahla
Uma kuthunyelwa i-FCL ngomkhumbi, umthumeli angacela i-MB/L (sea bill of lading) yomnikazi womkhumbi, noma i-HB/L (freight forwarding bill of lading) i-freight bill of lading, noma kokubili. Kodwa nge-LCL ngomkhumbi, lokho umthumeli angakuthola i-freight bill.
2) Indlela yokudlulisa ihlukile
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokudlulisa impahla yeziqukathi zasolwandle yilezi:
(1) I-FCL-FCL (ukulethwa kwesitsha esigcwele, uxhumano lwesitsha esigcwele, okubizwa ngokuthi i-FCL). I-FCL yokuthumela ngokuyisisekelo ikule ndlela. Le ndlela yokudlulisa iyona evame kakhulu futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu.
(2) I-LCL-LCL (ukulethwa kwe-LCL, ukuxhumeka kokungathungi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-LCL). I-Log yokuthumela ngokuyisisekelo ikule ndlela. Umthumeli uletha izimpahla enkampanini ye-LCL (i-consolidator) ngesimo sempahla enkulu (LCL), kanti inkampani ye-LCL inesibopho sokupakisha; i-ejenti yechweba yansuku zonke yenkampani ye-LCL inesibopho sokukhipha nokukhipha impahla, bese kuba ngesimo sempahla enkulu kumthumeli wokugcina.
(3) I-FCL-LCL (ukulethwa kweziqukathi ezigcwele, uxhumano lokukhipha impahla, okubizwa ngokuthi i-FCL). Isibonelo, umthumeli uneqoqo lezimpahla, elanele isiqukathi esisodwa, kodwa leli qoqo lezimpahla lizosatshalaliswa kubathumeli abaningi abahlukene ngemva kokufika echwebeni lapho uya khona. Ngalesi sikhathi, lingathunyelwa ngesimo se-FCL-LCL. Umthumeli uletha izimpahla kumthumeli ngesimo seziqukathi ezigcwele, bese inkampani yomthumeli noma yokuthumela impahla ikhipha ama-oda amaningi ahlukene noma amancane ngokusho kwabathumeli abahlukene; i-ejenti yechweba lokuya endaweni yomthumeli noma yenkampani yokuthumela impahla inesibopho sokukhipha impahla, ukukhulula izimpahla, ukuhlukanisa izimpahla ngokusho kwabathumeli abahlukene, bese izidlulisela kumthumeli wokugcina ngesimo sempahla eningi. Le ndlela isebenza kumthumeli oyedwa ohambelana nabathumeli abaningi.
(4) I-LCL-FCL (ukulethwa kwe-LCL, ukulethwa kwe-FCL, okubizwa ngokuthi ukulethwa kwe-LCL). Abathumeli abaningi badlulisela izimpahla kumthwali ngendlela yemithwalo emikhulu, bese inkampani yokuthutha noma yokuthutha iqoqa izimpahla zomthumeli ofanayo bese izihlanganisa zibe yiziqukathi ezigcwele; Ifomu linikezwa umamukeli wokugcina. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa abathumeli abaningi abahambisana nabathumeli ababili.
I-FCL-FCL (egcwele-kuya-egcwele) noma i-CY-CY (indawo-kuya-endaweni) ivame ukukhonjiswa kubhili lomnikazi womkhumbi we-FCL noma ibhili lempahla, kanti i-CY yindawo lapho i-FCL iphathwa khona, idluliselwa, igcinwa futhi igcinwa khona.
I-LCL-LCL (ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlanganiswa) noma i-CFS-CFS (isiteshi-kuya-esiteshini) ivame ukukhonjiswa kubhili lokuthutha le-LCL. I-CFS isebenzelana nezimpahla ze-LCL, okuhlanganisa i-LCL, ukupakisha, ukupakisha nokuhlunga, indawo yokudlulisela.
3) Ukubaluleka kwamamaki kuhlukile
Uphawu lokuthunyelwa kwesitsha esigcwele alubalulekile kangako futhi aludingeki kangako, ngoba yonke inqubo yokuthutha nokudlulisela isekelwe esitsheni, futhi akukho ukukhishwa noma ukusatshalaliswa phakathi. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuhlobene nezinhlangothi ezihilelekile enqubweni yokuthutha. Ngokuphathelene nokuthi umthumeli wokugcina uyakhathalela yini uphawu lokuthumela, akunandaba nokuthutha.
Uphawu lwe-LCL lubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba izimpahla zabathumeli abaningi abahlukene zabelana ngesitsha esisodwa, futhi izimpahla zixutshwe ndawonye. Izimpahla zidinga ukuhlukaniswa ngezimpawu zokuthumela.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-07-2023
