01. Ngijwayelene nomzila wezokuthutha
"Kubalulekile ukuqonda umzila wokuthutha olwandle." Isibonelo, emachwebeni aseYurophu, yize izinkampani eziningi zokuthumela zinomehluko phakathi kwamachweba ayisisekelo namachweba angewona ayisisekelo, umehluko ezindlekweni zokuthutha okungenani uphakathi kwamadola ayi-100-200 ase-US. Kodwa-ke, ukwahlukaniswa kwezinkampani ezahlukene zokuthumela kuzohluka. Ukwazi ukwahlukaniswa kwezinkampani ezahlukene kungathola izinga lokuthutha lechweba eliyisisekelo ngokukhetha inkampani yezokuthutha.
Isibonelo, kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhamba zamachweba ogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States: umzila wamanzi ogcwele kanye nebhuloho lomhlaba, kanti umehluko wentengo phakathi kwalezi ezimbili ungamadola angamakhulu amaningana. Uma ungahlangabezani nesimiso sokuthumela, ungacela inkampani yokuthumela ukuthi ikunike indlela ephelele yomzila wamanzi.
02. Hlela ngokucophelela uhambo lokuqala lokuhamba
Kunezindleko ezahlukene zabanikazi bezimpahla ezwenikazi ukukhetha izindlela ezahlukene zokuhamba ngaphakathi ezweni. "Ngokuvamile, intengo yokuhamba ngesitimela ishibhile kakhulu, kodwa izinqubo zokulethwa nokuthathwa ziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ifanele ama-oda amaningi nesikhathi esifushane sokulethwa. Ukuthutha iloli kulula kakhulu, isikhathi siyashesha, futhi intengo ibiza kancane kunokuthuthwa ngesitimela." "Okubiza kakhulu Indlela engcono kakhulu ukulayisha ngqo isitsha efektri noma i-warehouse, efanelekile kuphela kulezo zinto ezibuthakathaka ezingafanele ukulayisha nokukhulula izinto eziningi. Ngokuvamile, kungcono ukungasebenzisi le ndlela."
Ngaphansi kwesimo se-FOB, kuhilela nelungiselelo lokuhamba lokuqala ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Abantu abaningi baye baba nokuhlangenwe nakho okungathandeki: ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-FOB, izindleko zokuthunyelwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa ziyadida kakhulu futhi azinamithetho. Ngenxa yokuthi yinkampani yokuthumela eqokwe ngumthengi ohambweni lwesibili, umthumeli akanakukhetha.
Izinkampani ezahlukene zokuthumela zinezincazelo ezahlukene ngalokhu. Ezinye zidinga umnikazi ukuthi akhokhe zonke izindleko ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa: imali yokupakisha, imali yedokhi, imali yetreyila; ezinye zidinga kuphela ukukhokha imali yetreyila kusukela endaweni yokugcina impahla kuya endaweni yokugcina impahla; ezinye zidinga izimali ezengeziwe ezihlukile emalini yetreyila ngokuya ngendawo yokugcina impahla. . Le nkokhelo ivame ukwedlula isabelomali sezindleko zokuthutha impahla uma kucashunwa ngaleso sikhathi.
Isixazululo ukuqinisekisa nekhasimende indawo yokuqala yezindleko zezinhlangothi zombili ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-FOB. Umthumeli uzogcizelela ukuthi umthwalo wemfanelo wokulethwa kwezimpahla endaweni yokugcina impahla usuphelile. Ngokuphathelene nemali yokudonsa isuka endaweni yokugcina impahla iye endaweni yokugcina impahla, imali yokugcina impahla, njll. konke kufakiwe emthwalweni wolwandle wohambo lwesibili futhi kukhokhwa ngumthumeli.
Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, lapho uxoxisana nge-oda, zama ukwenza isivumelwano ngemigomo ye-CIF, ukuze isinyathelo selungiselelo lokuhamba sibe sezandleni zakho; okwesibili, uma isivumelwano sisezandleni ze-FOB, uzoxhumana nenkampani yezokuthutha eqokwe ngumthengi kusenesikhathi, aqinisekise zonke izindleko ngokubhala. Isizathu salokhu okokuqala ukuvimbela inkampani yezokuthutha ukuthi ikhokhise imali eyengeziwe ngemva kokuba izimpahla sezithunyelwe; okwesibili, uma kukhona into exakile kakhulu phakathi nendawo, uzoxoxisana nomthengi futhi acele ukushintsha inkampani yezokuthutha noma acele umthengi ukuthi athwale izindleko ezithile zephrojekthi.
03. Sebenzisana kahle nenkampani yezokuthutha
Impahla igcina kakhulu imithwalo, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda inqubo yokusebenza kwenkampani yezokuthutha. Uma behlela ngokwezidingo zomthumeli, amaqembu amabili abambisana buthule, hhayi nje kuphela okonga ezinye izindleko ezingadingekile, kodwa futhi angenza izimpahla zithunyelwe ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izici lezi zimfuneko ezibhekisela kuzo?
Okokuqala, kunethemba lokuthi umthumeli angabhukha indawo kusenesikhathi futhi alungiselele izimpahla ngesikhathi. Ungasheshi ukufaka i-oda ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ngaphambi kosuku lokugcina lwesheduli yokuthumela, futhi wazise inkampani yezokuthutha ngemuva kokuletha izimpahla enqolobaneni noma echwebeni wedwa. Abathumeli abanolwazi bayazazi izinqubo zabo zokusebenza futhi ngokuvamile abazi. Wethule ukuthi isheduli yomkhumbi ojwayelekile iba kanye ngesonto, futhi umnikazi wempahla kufanele abhukhe indawo kusenesikhathi futhi angene enqolobaneni ngokwesikhathi esihlelwe yinkampani yezokuthutha. Akukuhle ukuletha izimpahla kusenesikhathi noma sekwephuzile kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi usuku lokugcina lomkhumbi odlule alukho ngesikhathi, uma uhlehliswa uye emkhunjini olandelayo, kuzoba nemali yokugcina edlulile isikhathi.
Okwesibili, ukuthi isimemezelo samasiko sihamba kahle noma cha kuhlobene ngqo nenkinga yezindleko. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu echwebeni laseShenzhen. Isibonelo, uma izimpahla zithunyelwa eHong Kong ngechweba lomhlaba njengeMan Kam To noma iHuanggang Port ukuze kubanjwe isheduli yesibili yokuthumela, uma imvume yamasiko ingadluliswanga ngosuku lokumenyezelwa kwamasiko, inkampani yokudonsa amaloli yodwa izokhokhisa amaRandi angu-3,000 eHong Kong. Uma i-trailer ingusuku lokugcina lokubamba umkhumbi wesibili usuka eHong Kong, futhi uma yehluleka ukuhambisana nesheduli yokuthumela ngenxa yokubambezeleka kwesimemezelo samasiko, khona-ke imali yokugcina ephuzile esikhumulweni saseHong Kong izoba nkulu kakhulu uma ithunyelwa echwebeni ngosuku olulandelayo ukuze ibambe inombolo yomkhumbi olandelayo.
Okwesithathu, amadokhumenti esimemezelo sentela kumele ashintshwe ngemva kokushintsha kwesimo sangempela sokupakisha. Intela ngayinye inokuhlolwa okuvamile kwezimpahla. Uma intela ithola ukuthi inani langempela alihambisani nenani elimenyezelwe, izogcina izimpahla ukuze ziphenywe. Ngeke nje kube nezimali zokuhlola kanye nezimali zokugcina imikhumbi, kodwa nezinhlawulo ezibekwa yintela ngokuqinisekile zizokwenza uzizwe udangele isikhathi eside.
04. Khetha kahle inkampani yokuthumela impahla kanye nomthengisi wempahla
Manje zonke izinkampani zokuthumela izimpahla ezidumile emhlabeni sezifikile eShayina, futhi zonke izikhumulo ezinkulu zinehhovisi lazo. Yiqiniso, kunezinzuzo eziningi zokwenza ibhizinisi nalaba banikazi bemikhumbi: amandla abo aqinile, isevisi yabo inhle kakhulu, futhi imisebenzi yabo isezingeni elifanele. Kodwa-ke, uma ungeyena umnikazi wempahla omkhulu futhi ungakwazi ukuthola amanani akhethekile empahla kubo, ungase uthole abanye abanikazi bemikhumbi abaphakathi nendawo noma abathuthi bempahla.
Kubanikazi bempahla abancane nabaphakathi nendawo, intengo yabanikazi bemikhumbi emikhulu ibiza kakhulu. Nakuba ikhotheshini iphansi kumthengisi wempahla ongaphansi kakhulu, kunzima ukuqinisekisa insizakalo ngenxa yokuthi akanamandla anele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azikho amahhovisi amaningi ezwenikazi lenkampani enkulu yokuthumela impahla, ngakho wakhetha abanye abathengisi bempahla abaphakathi nendawo. Okokuqala, intengo inengqondo, kanti okwesibili, ukubambisana kuthule kakhulu ngemva kokubambisana isikhathi eside.
Ngemva kokubambisana nalaba bantu abathumela impahla esezingeni eliphakathi isikhathi eside, ungathola impahla ephansi kakhulu. Abanye abantu abathumela impahla bazokwazisa ngeqiniso intengo eyisisekelo, kanye nenzuzo encane, njengentengo yokuthengisa kumthumeli. Emakethe yokuthumela impahla, izinkampani ezahlukene zokuthumela impahla noma abantu abathumela impahla banezinzuzo zabo emizileni ehlukene. Thola inkampani enenzuzo yokusebenzisa umzila othile, hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi isheduli yokuthumela izosondela, kodwa namanani abo empahla ngokuvamile ashibhile emakethe.
Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi uhlele ngokwemakethe yakho yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe. Isibonelo, izimpahla ezithunyelwa e-United States zinikezwa inkampani eyodwa, kanti izimpahla ezithunyelwa eYurophu zinikezwa enye inkampani. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuqonda okuthile ngemakethe yokuthumela.
05. Funda ukuxoxisana nezinkampani zokuthumela impahla
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhotheshini evezwa yinkampani yokuthumela noma abasebenzi bebhizinisi labathuthi bempahla lapho becela izimpahla iyisilinganiso sempahla esiphezulu kakhulu senkampani, ukuthi ungathola isaphulelo esingakanani esilinganisweni sempahla kuncike ekhonweni lakho lokuxoxisana.
Ngokuvamile, ngaphambi kokwamukela izinga lokuthutha impahla lenkampani, ungabuza nezinkampani eziningana ukuze uqonde izimo zemakethe eziyisisekelo. Isaphulelo esingatholakala kumthumeli wezimpahla ngokuvamile singamadola angama-50 aseMelika. Kusukela kubhili lokuthutha impahla elikhishwe ngumthumeli wezimpahla, singazi ukuthi iyiphi inkampani agcine evumelene nayo. Ngesikhathi esizayo, uzothola leyo nkampani ngqo futhi athole izinga lokuthutha impahla ngqo.
Amakhono okuxoxisana nenkampani yokuthumela impahla ahlanganisa:
1. Uma ngempela ungumthengi omkhulu, ungasayina inkontileka naye ngqo bese ufaka isicelo samanani okuthutha akhethekile.
2. Thola amazinga ahlukene okuthutha impahla atholakala ngokumemezela amagama ahlukene empahla. Izinkampani eziningi zokuthutha zikhokhisa ngokwehlukana izimpahla. Ezinye izimpahla zingaba nezindlela ezahlukene zokuhlukanisa. Isibonelo, i-citric acid ingabikwa njengokudla, ngoba iyinto eluhlaza yokwenza iziphuzo, futhi ingabikwa njengento eluhlaza yamakhemikhali. Umehluko wesilinganiso sokuthutha impahla phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezimpahla ungaba amadola aseMelika angu-200.
3. Uma ungajahile, ungakhetha umkhumbi ohamba kancane noma ongaqondile. Yiqiniso, lokhu kumele kube ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokungathinti ukufika ngesikhathi. Intengo yempahla emakethe yempahla yasolwandle iyashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile, kungcono ukuba nolwazi oluthile ngalokhu wena. Bambalwa abathengisi abazothatha isinyathelo sokukwazisa ngokuncipha kwempahla. Vele, ngeke bahluleke ukukutshela ukuthi izindleko zokuthumela zikhuphuka nini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwabasebenzi bebhizinisi obaziyo, kufanele futhi unake "ukujwayelana" komunye umuntu maqondana namanani empahla.
06. Amakhono okuphatha izimpahla ze-LCL
Inqubo yokuthutha ye-LCL iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kuneye-FCL, futhi imithwalo iyaguquguquka. Kunezinkampani eziningi zokuthumela izimpahla ezenza i-FCL, futhi intengo izoba sobala emakethe yokuthumela izimpahla. Vele, i-LCL nayo inentengo evulekile emakethe, kodwa izindleko ezengeziwe zezinkampani ezahlukene zokuthutha ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, ngakho intengo yempahla ohlwini lwamanani enkampani yezokuthutha izoba yingxenye yenkokhelo yokugcina.
Into efanele, okokuqala, ukuqinisekisa zonke izinto ezikhokhiswe ngokubhala ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ikhotheshini yazo iyinani eliphelele yini, ukuze kuvinjelwe umthwali ukuthi angathathi isinyathelo ngemva kwalokho. Okwesibili, ukubala isisindo nosayizi wezimpahla ngokucacile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi zingaphazamisi.
Nakuba ezinye izinkampani zokuthutha zinikeza amanani aphansi, zivame ukukhulisa intengo ngendlela engabonakali ngokweqisa izindleko zesisindo noma usayizi. Okwesithathu, ukuthola inkampani ekhethekile ku-LCL. Lolu hlobo lwenkampani luhlanganisa ngqo amakhonteyina, futhi imithwalo kanye nezindleko ezengeziwe abazikhokhisayo ziphansi kakhulu kunezinkampani eziphakathi nendawo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi, akulula ukuthola yonke imali. Ngiyethemba ukuthi wonke umuntu angonga imali eningi kwezokuthutha futhi andise inzuzo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-07-2023
